What is an Electric Bike and its Components?
Electric vehicles are booming vastly in our entire world rapidly, which consists of cars, bikes, and trucks too. A two-wheeler electrically driven vehicle is known as an Electric bike in which you do not need any type of combustion fuel in it.
These are performance-focused and 100% fuel-free on our daily roads. Electric bikes consist of components that are the same as electric cars too such as motors, rechargeable batteries, controllers, brakes, and so on.
Electric bikes do not consist of any clutches or gear systems rather than any other petrol bikes, but now electric bikes are developing in the form of gear systems too. Electric bike concepts are much more similar to the E-bicycle except for the design and the feel of a bike.
Main Components Used in Electric bike / E-bike:-
Battery Pack
Batteries are the power source of an electric vehicle/ an electric bike. We know that electric vehicles are costlier because of their battery cost. There are different types of battery packs based on their performance and characteristics to operate.
In the market, there are two types of batteries, which are removable batteries and other non-removable batteries. The removable battery can be removed from the vehicle and can be charged near you at any place like home, office, and in a relative's house too, but the non-removable batteries cannot be removed from the vehicle, you have to simply plug in the charger to the charging port of the vehicle/bike through the socket at any charging station.
Here the charger is responsible for charging the battery.
Motor
There are two types of motors used in e-bikes, mid-drive motors, and hub-drive motors. Commonly BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) Motors are used in electric bikes. Mid-drive motors are placed in the middle or at the center of the body whereas hub motors are at the hub/middle of the wheels, both motors have their own advantages and disadvantages, Hub motors are maintenance-free, and independent drive systems that keep or hold the components inside the motor casing.
Hub motors are also of 2 types geared and gearless, geared hub motors help to reduce the speed of higher RPM (Rotation Per Minute) motors whereas gearless hub motors are directly connected to the lower RPM motors or stator axle to the bike.
Mid-drive motors allow the rider to power the wheels through the chain and gear sets as pedals which means low gear can be selected for power-up in steep hilly areas and accelerates from the initial point with higher torque. Mid-drive motors are smaller and lighter than hub motors of the same power. In mid-drive motors, while coming to the downside, you cannot shift the gear while the bike is moving, meaning if you are flying down in top gear on the street but at the same time you are forced to stop for some obstacles, you have to downshift before coming to stop, otherwise, you will be stuck in the top gear and your acceleration will suffer.
Controller
As by the name, the controller controls the management of connecting the battery to the various parts of the E-bike. It is called as brain of the E-bike. The controller and the battery need to match with each other, which means, one cannot buy any type of controller/battery. The controller/battery has to match each other.
The controller connects with other electronic parts in the vehicle such as the battery, motor, throttle, and display too. It takes the inputs from the components and fetches that should be signaled to them in return. The controller has to be sure, not to overload/overstress the battery because the LI-ion batteries are very sensitive and batteries are the most expensive part of any E-vehicle.
It should keep current, that is drawn from the batteries at certain levels, not to over-discharge the battery, react upon overheating, and lastly modify the current and voltage levels based on temperature.
Display
The display is also an important component of Electric bikes because it shows everything related to the electric bike. For example charge, time, indicators, range, speed and etc according to the features of the controller connected within it. There are many types of display designs available in the market based on the features available to them.
Conclusion
These are some of the important components that are being used in an E-Bike / Electric motorcycle. I hope this article has helped a little bit to find the main components of an electric motorcycle. Please feel free to share your feedback in the comment section below.
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